Archive for the ‘Understanding and Recognizing Child Abuse’ Category

Child Abuse and Neglect: Physical and Behavioral Indicators

Bookmark and Share Thursday, July 22nd, 2010

INDICATORS OF POSSIBLE MALTREATMENT*

PHYSICAL INDICATORS BEHAVIORAL INDICATORS
PHYSICAL NEGLECT
  • unattended medical needs
  • consistent lack of supervision
  • consistent hunger, inappropriate dress, poor hygiene
  • lice, distended stomach, emaciated look
  • regularly displays fatigue or listlessness, falls asleep in class
  • steals food, begs from classmates
  • reports that no caretaker is home
  • frequently absent or tardy
  • self-destructive
PHYSICAL ABUSE
  • unexplained bruises (in various stages of healing), welts, human bite marks, bald spots, burns, especially cigarette burns or immersion burns (glove like)
  • unexplained fractures or abrasions
  • self-destructive behavior
  • withdrawn or aggressive behavioral extremes
  • uncomfortable with physical contact
  • complains of soreness or moves uncomfortably
  • wears clothing inappropriate for weather to cover body
SEXUAL ABUSE
  • torn, stained or bloody underclothes
  • pain or itching in the genital area
  • difficulty walking or sitting
  • bruises or bleeding in the external genitalia
  • presence of a sexually transmitted disease
  • frequent urinary or yeast infections
  • withdrawn or chronically depressed
  • overly concerned for siblings
  • problems with peers, resists involvement with peers
  • sudden massive weight change (loss or gain)
  • hysteria, lack of emotional control
  • sudden school difficulties
  • threatened by physical contact or closeness
  • exhibits inappropriate sex play or has advanced sexual knowledge
  • promiscuity
EMOTIONAL ABUSE
  • speech disorders
  • delayed physical development
  • substance abuse
  • increased severity in existing conditions, such as asthma or allergies
  • habit disorders (sucking, rocking)
  • anti-social or destructive behavior
  • neurotic traits (sleep disorders, inhibition to play)
  • passive or aggressive behavioral extremes
  • delinquent behavior
  • developmental delays

* Adapted in part from Broadhurst, D.D.; Edmunds, M.’ and MacDicken, R.A. Early Childhood Programs and Prevention Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, the User Manual Series..Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1979. Courtesy of Prevent Child Abuse Georgia.

For more information, download a complete South Carolina Community Prevention Resource Guide here.

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Emotional Abuse: Overlooked and Underexposed

Bookmark and Share Wednesday, July 21st, 2010
Download complete Resource Guide here

Download complete Resource Guide here

Emotional abuse is probably the least understood of all child abuse, yet it is the most prevalent, and can be the cruelest and most destructive of all. Often overlooked and under-reported, emotional abuse is particularly harmful to a child’s well being. The effects of emotional abuse last a lifetime, therefore we must begin to take this form of abuse much more seriously!

Emotional child abuse can come from adults such as teachers, coaches, parents or caregivers as well as from other children like siblings, bullies and girls in social cliques. This type of abuse leaves hidden scars that manifest themselves in numerous ways. Insecurity, poor self-esteem, destructive behavior, angry acts (such as fire setting or cruelty to animals), withdrawal, poor development of basic skills, alcohol or drug abuse, suicide and difficulty forming relationships can all be possible results of emotional abuse.

Types of Emotional Abuse:

  1. Rejecting — Parents who lack the ability to bond will often display rejecting behavior toward a child. They tell a child in a variety of ways that he or she is unwanted. They may also tell the child to leave, call him or her names and tell the child that he or she is worthless. They may not talk to or hold the young child. The child may become the family scapegoat, being blamed for all the family’s problems.
  2. Ignoring — Adults who have had few of their emotional needs met are often unable to respond to the needs of their children. They may not show attachment to the child or provide nurturance or show interest in the child, express affection or even recognize the child’s presence. Many times the parent is physically there, but emotionally unavailable.
  3. Terrorizing — Parents may single out one child to criticize and punish. They may ridicule him or her for displaying normal emotions and have expectations far beyond his or her normal abilities. The child may be threatened with death, mutilation or abandonment.
  4. Isolating — A parent who abuses a child through isolation may not allow the child to engage in appropriate activities with his or her peers; may keep a baby in his or her room, not exposed to stimulation; or may prevent teenagers from participating in extracurricular activities. Parents may require the child to stay in his or her room from the time school lets out until the next morning or restrict eating to isolation or seclusion.
  5. Corrupting — Parents permit children to: use drugs or alcohol; to watch cruel behavior toward animals, to watch pornographic materials and adult sex acts, or to witness or participate in criminal activities such as stealing, assault, prostitution, gambling, etc.

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What is Child Abuse and Neglect?

Bookmark and Share Tuesday, July 20th, 2010

There are four major types of child maltreatment:Prevention Resource Guide

  • Neglect
  • Physical Abuse
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Emotional Abuse

Although any of the forms may be found separately, they often occur together. Most child abuse occurs in the family home. Parents, siblings and visitors can all inflict abuse.

In South Carolina, child abuse and neglect are defined as:

Neglect is failure to provide for a child’s basic needs. It may be:

  • Physical (e.g., lack of appropriate supervision or failure to provide necessary food, shelter, or medical care)
  • Educational (e.g., failure to educate a child or attend to special education needs)
  • Emotional (e.g., inattention to a child’s emotional needs or exposure to domestic violence)

These situations do not always mean that a child is neglected. Sometimes cultural values, the standards of care in the community, and poverty may be contributing factors, indicating that the family needs information or assistance. When a family fails to use information and resources, and the child’s needs continue to be unmet, then further child welfare professional intervention may be required.

Physical Abuse is physical injury (ranging from minor bruises to severe fractures or death) as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, hitting (with a a hand, stick, strap or other object), burning or otherwise harming a child. Such injury is considered abuse regardless of whether the caretaker intended to hurt the child or not.

Sexual Abuse refers to any sexual act with a child by an adult or older child, such as fondling a child’s genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials.

Emotional Abuse is any attitude, behavior, or failure to act that interferes with a child’s mental health or social development. This may include using verbally abusive language to constantly criticize or denigrate, threats, or rejection, as well as withholding love, support, or guidance.

Click here to download the complete South Carolina Community Prevention Resource Guide.

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